:root{
    --ink:#152128; --ink-deep:#0B151A; --purple:#0E5A66; --purple-soft:#4E7A84;
    --gold:#D9A441; --gold-dim:#8A6A2A;
    --paper:#FAFAF9; --paper-alt:#EDF1F1; --rule:#D5DCDE; --body:#3E4A50;
    --measure:34rem;
  }
  *{box-sizing:border-box;}
  html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto;}}
  body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--body);font-family:"Newsreader",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.68;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;}
  h1,h2,h3,h4,nav,.rail,.meta,.btn,.kicker,.navtoggle{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",system-ui,sans-serif;}
  a{color:var(--purple);text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;}
  a:hover{color:var(--ink);}
  a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--gold);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:2px;}
  .wrap{width:100%;max-width:70rem;margin:0 auto;padding:0 1.75rem;}
  .full{width:100%;}
  .mt-lg{margin-top:3rem;}

  /* masthead + mobile nav */
  .masthead{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:30;background:rgba(250,250,249,.96);backdrop-filter:blur(6px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);}
  .masthead .wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:1.5rem;padding:.9rem 1.75rem;}
  .wordmark{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.02rem;letter-spacing:-.01em;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;}
  .wordmark span{color:var(--purple-soft);font-weight:500;}
  .masthead nav{display:flex;gap:1.4rem;font-size:.92rem;font-weight:500;}
  .masthead nav a{color:var(--body);text-decoration:none;}
  .masthead nav a:hover{color:var(--purple);text-decoration:underline;}
  .navtoggle{display:none;background:none;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:3px;padding:.45rem .7rem;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;}
  .navtoggle svg{display:block;}
  @media (max-width:800px){
    .navtoggle{display:inline-flex;}
    .masthead nav{
      display:none;position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;right:0;
      flex-direction:column;gap:0;background:var(--paper);
      border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);box-shadow:0 8px 20px rgba(21,33,40,.10);
    }
    .masthead nav.open{display:flex;}
    .masthead nav a{padding:.85rem 1.75rem;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);font-size:1rem;}
  }

  /* hero */
  .hero{background:var(--ink-deep);color:#E6EDEF;padding:4.75rem 0 3rem;}
  .kicker{font-size:.86rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--gold);margin:0 0 1.5rem;}
  .hero h1{font-family:"Newsreader",serif;font-weight:300;font-size:clamp(2.3rem,5.6vw,3.9rem);line-height:1.07;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:#fff;margin:0 0 1.3rem;max-width:20ch;}
  .hero p.lede{font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.6;color:#B7C6CB;max-width:48ch;margin:0 0 1.5rem;}
  .herolinks{display:flex;gap:1.75rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 2.5rem;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.95rem;font-weight:500;}
  .herolinks a{color:var(--gold);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(217,164,65,.45);padding-bottom:2px;}
  .herolinks a:hover{color:#fff;border-bottom-color:#fff;}

  .panels{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:0;margin-top:1.25rem;border:1px solid #24333B;}
  .panels figure{margin:0;padding:1.6rem 1.4rem;border-right:1px solid #24333B;}
  .panels figure:last-child{border-right:none;}
  @media (max-width:820px){
    .panels{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
    .panels figure{border-right:none;border-bottom:1px solid #24333B;}
    .panels figure:last-child{border-bottom:none;}
  }
  .panels svg{display:block;margin-bottom:1rem;opacity:0;animation:rise .6s ease forwards;}
  .panels figure:nth-child(1) svg{animation-delay:.15s;}
  .panels figure:nth-child(2) svg{animation-delay:.35s;}
  .panels figure:nth-child(3) svg{animation-delay:.55s;}
  @keyframes rise{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(8px);}to{opacity:1;transform:none;}}
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.panels svg{animation:none;opacity:1;}}
  .panels h3{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.98rem;font-weight:600;color:#fff;margin:0 0 .5rem;}
  .panels p{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.55;color:#B7C6CB;margin:0;max-width:none;}
  .panels .freq{display:block;margin-top:.9rem;font-size:.8rem;color:var(--gold);}
  .cap{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.88rem;color:#A3B4BA;max-width:60ch;margin:.9rem 0 0;line-height:1.55;}

  /* sections */
  section{padding:3.75rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);}
  section.tinted{background:var(--paper-alt);}
  .split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:9.5rem 1fr;gap:2.5rem;align-items:start;}
  @media (max-width:860px){.split{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1rem;}}
  .rail{font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--purple);line-height:1.4;padding-top:.65rem;border-top:2px solid var(--purple);}
  @media (max-width:860px){.rail{border-top:none;padding-top:0;}}
  h2{font-family:"Newsreader",serif;font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(1.7rem,3.2vw,2.35rem);line-height:1.18;letter-spacing:-.015em;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 1.1rem;max-width:26ch;}
  h3{font-size:1.14rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 .5rem;}
  p{max-width:var(--measure);}
  .col > p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}

  /* threads */
  .threads{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:2.75rem;margin-top:1.5rem;}
  @media (max-width:900px){.threads{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:3rem;}}
  .threads article{border-top:2px solid var(--purple);padding-top:1.25rem;}
  .threads .glyph{display:block;margin-bottom:1rem;}
  .threads h3{font-family:"Newsreader",serif;font-size:1.38rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.25;margin-bottom:.65rem;}
  .threads p{font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.6;max-width:none;margin:0 0 .85rem;}
  .threads ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:1.1rem 0 0;}
  .threads li{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--body);padding:.45rem 0 .45rem 1rem;border-left:2px solid var(--rule);margin-bottom:.3rem;}
  .threads li:hover{border-left-color:var(--gold-dim);}

  .kit{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(15rem,1fr));gap:1.75rem 2.5rem;margin-top:.5rem;}
  .kit h4{font-size:.95rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 .3rem;}
  .kit p{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.6;margin:0;max-width:26rem;}

  .lineage{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-left:3px solid var(--gold-dim);padding:1.5rem 1.75rem;max-width:44rem;margin-top:1rem;}
  .lineage p{font-size:1.05rem;margin:0 0 .85rem;max-width:none;}
  .lineage p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}
  .cite{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.85rem;color:var(--body);margin-top:1rem;max-width:44rem;line-height:1.55;}

  .triad{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:1.75rem;margin-top:2rem;}
  @media (max-width:820px){.triad{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.25rem;}}
  .triad div{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-top:3px solid var(--purple);padding:1.25rem 1.35rem;}
  .triad h4{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.92rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 .45rem;}
  .triad p{font-size:.98rem;line-height:1.55;margin:0;max-width:none;}

  /* people */
  .pi{display:grid;grid-template-columns:12rem 1fr;gap:2rem;align-items:start;margin-bottom:2.5rem;}
  @media (max-width:640px){.pi{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}
  img.portrait{width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:4/5;object-fit:cover;display:block;padding:0;border:1px solid var(--rule);}
  .portrait{aspect-ratio:4/5;background:var(--paper-alt);border:1px solid var(--rule);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--purple);text-align:center;padding:1rem;}
  .pi .role{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--purple);margin:.15rem 0 .85rem;}
  .links{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.92rem;margin-top:1rem;}
  .person{display:grid;grid-template-columns:15rem 1fr;gap:1.5rem;align-items:start;padding:1.5rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);}
  @media (max-width:640px){.person{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.9rem;}.person img{max-width:15rem;}}
  .person img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:1/1;object-fit:cover;border:1px solid var(--rule);display:block;}
  .person h4{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 .15rem;}
  .person .role{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--purple);margin:0 0 .6rem;}
  .person p{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.58;margin:0;max-width:40rem;}
  .ugrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,15rem);gap:1.75rem;margin-top:1.25rem;}
  @media (max-width:760px){.ugrid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.ugrid img,.ugrid .nophoto{max-width:15rem;}}
  .ugrid figure{margin:0;}
  .ugrid img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:1/1;object-fit:cover;border:1px solid var(--rule);display:block;margin-bottom:.75rem;}
  .ugrid h4{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.95rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 .3rem;}
  .ugrid p{font-size:.97rem;line-height:1.55;margin:0;max-width:none;}
  .roster{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(13rem,1fr));gap:1.5rem 2rem;padding-top:1.75rem;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);}
  .roster h4{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.92rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 .4rem;}
  .roster p{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.55;margin:0;max-width:none;}

  /* lists */
  .item{padding:1.15rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);max-width:48rem;}
  .item:first-of-type{border-top:none;}
  .item p{margin:0;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.55;max-width:none;}
  .item .meta{font-size:.86rem;color:var(--purple);margin-top:.3rem;display:block;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;}
  .item .date{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--purple);display:block;margin-bottom:.2rem;}
  .subhead{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--purple);margin:2.25rem 0 .9rem;padding-bottom:.5rem;border-bottom:2px solid var(--purple);max-width:48rem;}
  .subhead:first-of-type{margin-top:.5rem;}

  .placeholder{background:#FBF6E7;border:1px dashed #B8912F;padding:1rem 1.25rem;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.55;color:#54461A;max-width:var(--measure);margin:1.5rem 0 0;}
  .placeholder b{font-weight:600;}

  .btn{display:inline-block;background:var(--purple);color:#fff;font-size:.95rem;font-weight:600;padding:.75rem 1.4rem;text-decoration:none;margin-top:1.25rem;}
  .btn:hover{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;}

  .contact-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(14rem,1fr));gap:1.75rem 2.5rem;}
  .contact-grid h4{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.9rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 .35rem;}
  .contact-grid p{font-size:1rem;margin:0;line-height:1.6;max-width:none;}

  footer{background:var(--ink-deep);color:#A3B4BA;padding:2.5rem 0;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.6;}
  footer a{color:#C6D4D8;}
  footer a:hover{color:#fff;}
  footer .wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:2rem;flex-wrap:wrap;}

  /* multi-page additions */
  .masthead nav a.active{color:var(--purple);font-weight:600;}
  .funders{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-left:3px solid var(--purple);padding:1.35rem 1.6rem;max-width:44rem;margin-top:1.25rem;}
  .funders h4{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--purple);margin:0 0 .5rem;}
  .funders p{margin:0;font-size:1.05rem;max-width:none;}
  .upcoming{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding:1.15rem 0;max-width:48rem;}
  .upcoming:first-of-type{border-top:none;}
  .upcoming .when{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--purple);display:block;margin-bottom:.2rem;}
  .upcoming p{margin:0;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.55;max-width:none;}
  .yearhead{font-family:"Newsreader",serif;font-size:1.9rem;font-weight:400;color:var(--ink);margin:2.75rem 0 .75rem;padding-bottom:.4rem;border-bottom:2px solid var(--purple);max-width:48rem;}
  .yearhead:first-of-type{margin-top:.5rem;}
  .newsitem{padding:1.35rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);max-width:48rem;}
  .newsitem:first-of-type{border-top:none;}
  .newsitem .when{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--purple);display:block;margin-bottom:.3rem;}
  .newsitem p{margin:0 0 .6rem;font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.6;max-width:none;}
  .newsitem p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}
  .pagehead{background:var(--ink-deep);color:#E6EDEF;padding:3.25rem 0 2.75rem;}
  .pagehead h1{font-family:"Newsreader",serif;font-weight:300;font-size:clamp(2rem,4.4vw,3rem);line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:#fff;margin:0 0 .75rem;max-width:22ch;}
  .pagehead p{font-size:1.1rem;line-height:1.6;color:#B7C6CB;max-width:52ch;margin:0;}
  .more{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.95rem;font-weight:500;margin-top:1.75rem;}

  /* research figure rows */
  .trows{margin-top:1rem;}
  .trow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:2.75rem;align-items:center;padding:2.75rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);}
  .trow:first-child{border-top:none;padding-top:.75rem;}
  .trow.flip .tfig{order:2;}
  @media (max-width:860px){
    .trow{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.5rem;padding:2.25rem 0;}
    .trow.flip .tfig{order:0;}
  }
  .tfig{margin:0;}
  .tfig svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--rule);padding:.75rem;}
  .ttext h3{font-family:"Newsreader",serif;font-size:1.55rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.22;margin:0 0 .7rem;color:var(--ink);}
  .ttext p{font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.62;max-width:36rem;margin:0 0 .85rem;}
  .ttext ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:1.1rem 0 0;}
  .ttext li{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--body);padding:.45rem 0 .45rem 1rem;border-left:2px solid var(--rule);margin-bottom:.3rem;max-width:36rem;}
  .ttext li:hover{border-left-color:var(--gold-dim);}

  /* image gallery */
  .gallery{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(16rem,1fr));gap:1.75rem;margin-top:1rem;max-width:48rem;}
  .gallery figure{margin:0;}
  .gallery img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;border:1px solid var(--rule);background:#fff;}
  .gallery figcaption{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--body);margin-top:.6rem;}

  /* abstract banner */
  .artband{margin-top:2.25rem;border:1px solid #24333B;overflow:hidden;line-height:0;}
  .artband svg{width:100%;height:clamp(120px,17vw,220px);display:block;}

  .tfig img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;border:1px solid var(--rule);}
  .tfig figcaption{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--body);margin-top:.6rem;max-width:34rem;}
  .artband img{width:100%;height:clamp(130px,18vw,230px);object-fit:cover;display:block;}

  .ugrid .nophoto{width:100%;aspect-ratio:1/1;background:var(--paper-alt);border:1px solid var(--rule);
    display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:.75rem;
    font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:2.4rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--purple-soft);}